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Squamous Epithelial Cells
Urine Squamous Epithelial Cells are flat, thin cells that line the urinary tract and can be detected in the urine. The presence of squamous epithelial cells in the urine is a normal finding, but high levels may indicate contamination of the urine sample or certain genitourinary conditions.
iollo markers that associate with Squamous Epithelial Cells
Arachidonic acid
Arachidonic acid is involved in epithelial cell growth and differentiation. Altered levels may reflect changes in epithelial cell turnover.
D. A. Schraufstätter, K. F. Chvapil. Arachidonic acid metabolism in airway epithelial cells. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research (1986). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1562177/
J. M. Chen, H. J. Liu, Y. Zhang, J. L. Chen, Y. F. Wang, Y. X. Zhang, X. X. Zhang, Y. J. Zhang, Y. Z. Zhang. Arachidonic acid promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal-like transition in human bronchial epithelial cells via the COX-2/PGE2 pathway. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications (2011). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0171933510000361
J. L. Fernández-Bedmar, J. F. Micol. Arachidonic acid: Physiological roles and potential health benefits. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids (2017). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6052655/
J. M. Kragballe, N. R. Knudsen, J. M. Mortensen, M. M. J. Christensen. The influence of arachidonic acid metabolites on cell division in the human epidermis. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Lipids and Lipid Metabolism (1984). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0262174684901343
A. L. Ziboh, J. L. Gilchrest. Arachidonic Acid Metabolites in Cutaneous Carcinomas: Evidence for a Role in Tumor Progression. Journal of Investigative Dermatology (1989). https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamadermatology/fullarticle/547062
Palmitic acid
Palmitic acid is a key component of epithelial cell membranes. Levels may change with epithelial cell shedding and regeneration.
Xitan Wang, Chaonan Zhang, Na Bao. Palmitic Acid Inhibits the Growth and Metastasis of Gastric Cancer by Blocking the STAT3 Signaling Pathway. NCBI (2023). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9856364/
de Araujo Junior, R.F., Eich, C., Jorquera, C. et al.. Ceramide and palmitic acid inhibit macrophage-mediated epithelial–mesenchymal transition in colorectal cancer. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry (2020). https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11010-020-03719-5
E.M.D. Scott, C.M. Macnaughtan, J.D. Scurr, J.M. Coulson, M.J. Humphreys. Human stratified squamous epithelia differ in cellular fatty acid composition. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids (2000). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0923181100000773
Xitan Wang, Chaonan Zhang, Na Bao. Palmitic acid: Enabling the tumor’s nerves. NCBI (2022). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10447256/
Xitan Wang, Chaonan Zhang, Na Bao. Molecular mechanism of palmitic acid and its derivatives in tumor progression. NCBI (2023). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10447256/