Total Bilirubin
Total Bilirubin is a yellowish pigment that is formed when red blood cells break down. High levels of bilirubin may indicate liver disease or certain types of anemia.
iollo markers that associate with Total Bilirubin
Chenodeoxycholic acid
Chenodeoxycholic acid is a primary bile acid that facilitates bilirubin excretion in bile. Bile acid synthesis disorders or biliary obstruction can lead to hyperbilirubinemia.
References
References
Anonymous. Bile acid profiles in adult patients with biliary atresia who achieve native… Scientific Reports (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-52969-6
Anonymous. Profiles of Serum Bile Acids in Liver Diseases. PMC - NCBI (2015). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4534900/
Cholic Acid
Cholic acid is a primary bile acid that facilitates bilirubin excretion in bile. Disruption of bile acid synthesis or transport can impair bilirubin clearance.
References
References
J. R. Jörres, M. F. Schmidt, J. K. Bauer, A. M. Schmid, S. B. Häussinger. Successful elimination of bilirubin in critically ill patients with acute liver dysfunction using the CytoSorb® blood purification system. Scientific Reports (2021). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-89712-4
StatPearls. Physiology, Bilirubin. NCBI Bookshelf (2022). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470290/
J. H. Hoofnagle, K. D. Broomé. Hyperbilirubinemia and cholestasis. The American Journal of Medicine (1978). https://www.amjmed.com/article/0002-9343%2878%2990061-X/abstract
ScienceDirect Topics. Bile Acid Blood Level - an overview. ScienceDirect (-). https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/bile-acid-blood-level
Glycocholic acid
Glycocholic acid is a bile acid conjugate that facilitates bilirubin excretion. Disruption of the enterohepatic circulation of bile acids can cause bilirubin to accumulate.
References
References
Liu, Y.; Sun, X.; Li, Y.. Use of bile acids as potential markers of liver dysfunction in humans. Frontiers in Medicine (2021). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8519223/
Xu, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, Y.. Value of Serum Glycocholic Acid and Total Bile Acids in Predicting … - NCBI. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (2022). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8443376/
Taurine
Taurine conjugates with bile acids in the liver to facilitate bilirubin excretion in bile. Impaired taurine conjugation can lead to elevated unconjugated bilirubin.
References
References
Hajizadeh, E., Nematbakhsh, M., & Sadeghian, M.. Taurine supplementation abates cirrhosis-associated locomotor impairment in bile duct-ligated rats. Journal of Medical Toxicology (2018). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6000746/
Zhao, Y., Li, X., & Wang, J.. Effect of taurine on chronic and acute liver injury: Focus on blood ammonia and brain edema. BioMed Research International (2016). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5615919/
Redeker, A.G., et al.. Bilirubin Metabolism — Preliminary Investigation. The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences (1976). https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/66EA601CC49F758F90461F64DB02629A/S0317167100025610a.pdf/bilirubin-metabolism-preliminary-investigation.pdf