iollo markers that associate with Food Allergy Profile (IgE)*
Arachidonic acid
Arachidonic acid is an omega-6 fatty acid that can be converted to pro-inflammatory eicosanoids. Elevated arachidonic acid levels may promote allergic inflammation and increase IgE levels in some individuals.References
References
L. M. Ferreira, M. C. R. Nunes, S. A. P. Silva, C. M. S. Soares, J. M. S. Silva, I. M. S. C. Moreira, and J. A. S. Coutinho. Fatty-Acid-Based Membrane Lipidome Profile of Peanut Allergy Patients. Nutrients (2022). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9820545/Y. Zhang, Y. Zhou, Y. Zhu, Y. Zhang, and X. Chen. Combined Supplementation with Arachidonic and Docosahexaenoic Acids Ameliorates Allergen-Induced Dermatitis in Mice. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (2022). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022316622007192Hatem Tallima and Rashika El Ridi. Arachidonic Acid: Physiological Roles and Potential Health Benefits. Nutrients (2019). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6052655/
Docosahexaenoic acid
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid with anti-inflammatory properties. Higher DHA levels may help reduce allergic inflammation and IgE production in some people.References
References
Zhang, J., Zhao, Y., & Huang, J.. DHA-Rich Tuna Oil Effectively Suppresses Allergic Symptoms in Mice. Science Direct (2022). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022316622010665Calder, P. C.. Role of omega-3 fatty acids and their metabolites in asthma and allergic diseases. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (2015). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1323893014000100Zhang, Y., & Spite, M.. The Influence of Dietary Fatty Acids on Immune Responses. MDPI (2017). https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/12/2990Ahmed, N., Barrow, C. J., & Suphioglu, C.. Exploring the Effects of Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids on Allergy Using a HEK-Blue Cell Line. Nutrients (2016). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4783952/
Eicosapentaenoic acid
Like DHA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is an anti-inflammatory omega-3 fatty acid. Adequate EPA levels may have a protective effect against allergies and elevated IgE.References
References
C. E. Fiocchi, K. E. Cox, M. C. Coulthard, R. J. Boyle, L. A. Hosking, C. Taggart, J. P. Warner, S. Garcia-Larsen, A. Venter, S. A. Robertson, S. T. Holt, and R. L. Prescott. The Effect of Maternal Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation on Infant Allergy. Current Allergy and Asthma Reports (2014). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3961846/