Leptin
Leptin is a hormone produced by fat cells that helps regulate appetite and metabolism. High levels of leptin are associated with obesity and insulin resistance.
iollo markers that associate with Leptin
Alanine
Alanine is a gluconeogenic amino acid that can influence glucose homeostasis and insulin signaling, indirectly impacting leptin production from adipose tissue.
References
References
E. Quaye, S. Chacko, M. Startzell, and R. J. Brown. Leptin Decreases Gluconeogenesis and Gluconeogenic Substrate … The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism (2024). https://academic.oup.com/jcem/article-abstract/109/1/e209/7233593?redirectedFrom=fulltext/url
Glutamine
Glutamine supplementation has been shown to reduce leptin levels and body fat in humans, likely by modulating insulin sensitivity and metabolic pathways.
References
References
Ana Maria Carvalheira, et al.. Leptin regulates glutamate and glucose transporters in hypothalamic astrocytes. Journal of Clinical Investigation (2010). https://www.jci.org/articles/view/64102
Kahlile Youssef Abboud, et al.. Glutamine Links Obesity to Inflammation in Human White Adipose Tissue. Obesity (2020). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1550413119306631
Kahlile Youssef Abboud, et al.. Oral Glutamine Supplementation Reduces Obesity, Pro-Inflammatory Markers, and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in DIO Wistar Rats and Reduces Waist Circumference in Overweight and Obese Humans. Nutrients (2019). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6471297/
F. M. Lima, et al.. Effects of glutamine alone or in combination with zinc and vitamin A on growth and morbidity in very low birth weight preterm infants. Journal of Perinatology (2022). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S180759322200922X
Vinicius Cruzat, et al.. Glutamine: Metabolism and Immune Function, Supplementation and Clinical Translation. Nutrients (2018). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6266414/
Glycine
Glycine is an amino acid that may help regulate glucose metabolism and adiposity, thereby affecting circulating leptin concentrations.
References
References
M. Imenshahidi, H. Hossenzadeh. Glycine Metabolism and Its Alterations in Obesity and Metabolic Diseases. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation (2019). https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40618-021-01720-3