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Creatinine
Creatinine is a waste product produced by muscle metabolism that is filtered out of the blood by the kidneys. High levels of creatinine may indicate kidney disease or damage.
iollo markers that associate with Creatinine
Arginine
Arginine is a precursor for the synthesis of creatine and subsequently creatinine. Arginine availability impacts creatine and creatinine levels.
Eiman Jahangir, Joseph A. Vita, Diane Handy, Monica Holbrook, Joseph Palmisano, Ryan Beal, Joseph Loscalzo, Robert T. Eberhardt. The Effect of L-Arginine and Creatine on Vascular Function and Homocysteine Metabolism. American Journal of Physiology - Endocrinology and Metabolism (2010). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2840406/
David M. Pollock, Andrew A. Levy. Role of L-Arginine in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease. Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension (2023). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022316623031310
Creatinine
Serum creatinine is a direct measure and marker of creatinine levels in the blood. Elevated creatinine indicates impaired kidney function.
Min, B., Yun, SR., Yoon, SH.. Comparison of the association intensity of creatinine and cystatin C with hyperphosphatemia and hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease. Scientific Reports (2023). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-31048-2
Thongprayoon, C., Cheungpasitporn, W., Chewcharat, A.. Association of Acute Increases in Plasma Creatinine after Renin-Angiotensin System Inhibitor Initiation with Mortality and Kidney and Cardiovascular Risk. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology (2019). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6730502/
Thongprayoon, C., Cheungpasitporn, W., Chewcharat, A.. The Association of Low Admission Serum Creatinine with the Risk of Respiratory Failure Requiring Mechanical Ventilation: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Scientific Reports (2019). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-55362-w
ScienceDirect Topics. Creatinine - an overview. ScienceDirect (nan). https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/creatinine
Chatterjee, S., Waikhom, R., Chakraborty, S.. Research-based versus clinical serum creatinine measurements and the association of acute kidney injury with subsequent kidney function. American Journal of Kidney Diseases (2019). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7025351/
Glycine
Glycine is involved in the biosynthesis of creatine, which is broken down into creatinine. Changes in glycine levels can influence creatinine production and excretion.
J. B. Poortmans, E. R. Francaux, and A. D. Sauvé. Whole Body Creatine and Protein Kinetics in Healthy Men and Women. Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition (2015). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4754151/
G. M. Clark, S. J. Schneider, and R. A. Salzman. Arginine:Glycine Amidinotransferase Deficiency: The Third Inborn Error of Creatine Synthesis. The American Journal of Medicine (2007). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002929707613275
J. B. Poortmans and E. R. Francaux. GLYCINE AND HISTIDINE FEEDING AND CREATINE, CREATININE … Metabolism (2018). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0021925818732511/pdf?md5=bd1ec47396b36f9045bc3216e56854ae&pid=1-s2.0-S0021925818732511-main.pdf
J. B. Poortmans and E. R. Francaux. Influence of Glycine on Depleted Creatine Reserves of Skeletal and … Journal of Nutrition (1999). https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.3181/00379727-34-8600C?icid=int.sj-abstract.similar-articles.5
J. B. Poortmans and E. R. Francaux. The metabolic burden of creatine synthesis - PubMed. Journal of Nutrition (2011). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21387089/
Methionine
Methionine acts as a methyl donor in the synthesis of creatine from guanidinoacetic acid. Methionine is indirectly related to creatinine levels.
Xu W, Ware JH, Wang L, Harris TB, Beiser AS, Au R, Auerbach S, DeCarli C, Wolf PA, Jacques PF. Association of Methionine to Homocysteine Status With Brain Volume and Dementia in Old Age. JAMA Psychiatry (2019). https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2738056
Wang H, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Wang J, Wang S, Zhang Z. Methionine metabolism in chronic liver diseases: an update on molecular mechanisms and clinical research. Military Medical Research (2020). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41392-020-00349-7
Orentreich N, Pecora D, Brill D, Dumas W, McCann D. Enzymes of creatine biosynthesis, arginine and methionine metabolism in the rat. The Journal of Biological Chemistry (1958). https://febs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/j.1742-4658.2008.06718.x
Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries research council secretariat ministry of agriculture, forestry and fisheries. Japanese Feeding Standard for Poultry. Effects of Dietary Methionine or Arginine Levels on the Urinary Creatinine Excretion in Chicks. nan (2011). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7477124/
Nishimura T, Tsuruoka S, Yamamoto H, Nishida M, Kume N, Kawakami Y, Abe T, Ito Y, Ishimura E. Methionine abrogates the renoprotective effect of a low-protein diet against diabetic kidney disease in obese rats with type 2 diabetes. PLOS ONE (2020). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7093197/