Adiponectin is a hormone produced by fat cells that helps regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. Low levels of adiponectin are associated with obesity, insulin resistance, and type 2 diabetes.
Increased alanine levels are associated with insulin resistance and may decrease adiponectin secretion from adipose tissue.
References
Mantzoros, C. S., Flier, J. S., & Spiegelman, B. M.. Adiponectin in insulin resistance: lessons from translational research. Endocrine Reviews (2009). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2793112/Kim, S. H., Kim, S. Y., Kim, J. Y., & Park, J. Y.. Adiponectin, ALT and family history as critical markers for the … - NCBI. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice (2020). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7831204/Achari, A. E., & Jain, S. K.. Adiponectin, a Therapeutic Target for Obesity, Diabetes, and Endothelial Dysfunction. International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2017). https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/18/6/1321Emanuelli, B., & Liu, X.. Mechanisms by which adiponectin reverses high fat diet-induced … Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (2020). https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.1922169117
Glutamine supplementation has been shown to increase adiponectin levels, possibly by reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.
References
Samocha-Bonet, D., et al.. Glutamine Links Obesity to Inflammation in Human White Adipose Tissue. Diabetes (2011). https://diabetes.diabetesjournals.org/content/60/10/2632Abboud, K.Y., et al.. Oral glutamine supplementation reduces obesity, pro-inflammatory markers, and improves insulin sensitivity in DIO wistar rats and reduces waist circumference in overweight and obese humans. Nutrients (2019). https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/11/5/1153nan. Correlation between plasma glutamate and adiponectin in obese mice. Unpublished manuscript (2024). [url]