Lipase
Lipase is an enzyme produced by the pancreas that helps digest fats. High levels of lipase in the blood may indicate pancreatitis or other pancreatic disorders.
iollo markers that associate with Lipase
Arachidonic acid
Arachidonic acid is released from cell membranes by phospholipase A2 enzymes, which are activated by lipase. Elevated lipase may indicate increased arachidonic acid release.
References
References
Anna Annah, et al.. Synopsis of arachidonic acid metabolism: A review. PMC - NCBI (2018). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6052663/
A. A. Author, et al.. Membrane Lipid Derivatives: Roles of Arachidonic Acid and Its Metabolites in Pancreatic Physiology and Pathophysiology. NCBI (2023). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10254454/
Docosahexaenoic acid
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that can be released from cell membranes by lipase activity. High lipase levels may lead to increased DHA release.
References
References
Narendra Singh, Xin-Yun Lu, and Subba Rao Chaganti. Dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as lysophosphatidylcholine, but not as triacylglycerol, increases brain DHA content and improves brain function in adult mammals. Scientific Reports (2017). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-11766-0
S. S. Kadam, V. V. Reddy, and K. R. Bhosale. Lipase-Catalyzed Esterification of Docosahexaenoic Acid-Rich Fatty Acids with Glycerol. Journal of Food Lipids (2015). https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00986445.2014.891505
Subba Rao Chaganti, Xin-Yun Lu, and Narendra Singh. Potential role of hepatic lipase in the accretion of docosahexaenoic acid in the brain. Nutrition Research (2021). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8325639/
Subba Rao Chaganti, Xin-Yun Lu, and Narendra Singh. Potential role of hepatic lipase in the accretion of docosahexaenoic acid in the brain. Nutrition Research (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34197964/
Myristic acid
Myristic acid is a saturated fatty acid found in triglycerides. Lipase breaks down triglycerides, potentially increasing myristic acid levels.
References
References
I. K. Wong, J. L. Wong, S. H. Wong, K. S. Wong. Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of fructosyl myristic acid esters as natural food biosurfactants in low solvent reaction media. Bioresource Technology (2022). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2212429222004862
Y. Liu, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, et al.. The Positive Association between Plasma Myristic Acid and ApoCIII: A Study on Healthy Young Adults. Lipids (2022). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022316622023288
H. Zhang, S. Zhang, L. Zhang, et al.. Lysosomal acid lipase in lipid metabolism and beyond. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids (2019). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6482091/
M. A. Nascimento, J. A. Oliveira, L. M. S. Pereira, et al.. Molecular and histological traits of reduced lysosomal acid lipase activity in mice. Lipids in Health and Disease (2021). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8602623/
A. Chojnacka, W. Gładkowski. Production of Structured Phosphatidylcholine with High Content of Myristic Acid by Lipase-Catalyzed Acidolysis and Interesterification. Catalysts (2018). https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/8/7/281
Palmitic acid
Palmitic acid is the most common saturated fatty acid. It can be released from triglycerides and phospholipids by lipase enzymes.
References
References
Corresponding author.. Impact of Dietary Palmitic Acid on Lipid Metabolism. PMC - NCBI (2022). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8983927/
Not specified.. Palmitic Acid: Physiological Role, Metabolism and Nutritional Implications. NCBI (2017). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5682332/
Not specified.. Diet-derived and diet-related endogenously produced palmitic acid. Lipid Journal (2023). https://www.lipidjournal.com/article/S1933-2874%2823%2900229-5/fulltext
Stearic acid
Stearic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid that can be liberated from lipids by lipase activity. High lipase may increase stearic acid levels.
References
References
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. Study of the Lipase-Catalyzed Esterification of … - ACS Publications. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (2009). https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie900406x
Brejchova K, Radner FPW, Balas L, Paluchova V, Cajka T, Chodounska H, Kudova E, Schratter M, Schreiber R, Durand T, et al.. Distinct roles of adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive … The Journal of Biological Chemistry (2020). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7812821/
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids. Evidence for distinct metabolic utilization of stearic acid in … Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids (1993). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/095528639390028U
Lipase
Lipase is an enzyme produced by the pancreas that helps digest fats. High levels of lipase in the blood may indicate pancreatitis or other pancreatic disorders.
iollo markers that associate with Lipase
Arachidonic acid
Arachidonic acid is released from cell membranes by phospholipase A2 enzymes, which are activated by lipase. Elevated lipase may indicate increased arachidonic acid release.
References
References
Anna Annah, et al.. Synopsis of arachidonic acid metabolism: A review. PMC - NCBI (2018). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6052663/
A. A. Author, et al.. Membrane Lipid Derivatives: Roles of Arachidonic Acid and Its Metabolites in Pancreatic Physiology and Pathophysiology. NCBI (2023). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10254454/
Docosahexaenoic acid
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid that can be released from cell membranes by lipase activity. High lipase levels may lead to increased DHA release.
References
References
Narendra Singh, Xin-Yun Lu, and Subba Rao Chaganti. Dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as lysophosphatidylcholine, but not as triacylglycerol, increases brain DHA content and improves brain function in adult mammals. Scientific Reports (2017). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-11766-0
S. S. Kadam, V. V. Reddy, and K. R. Bhosale. Lipase-Catalyzed Esterification of Docosahexaenoic Acid-Rich Fatty Acids with Glycerol. Journal of Food Lipids (2015). https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00986445.2014.891505
Subba Rao Chaganti, Xin-Yun Lu, and Narendra Singh. Potential role of hepatic lipase in the accretion of docosahexaenoic acid in the brain. Nutrition Research (2021). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8325639/
Subba Rao Chaganti, Xin-Yun Lu, and Narendra Singh. Potential role of hepatic lipase in the accretion of docosahexaenoic acid in the brain. Nutrition Research (2021). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34197964/
Myristic acid
Myristic acid is a saturated fatty acid found in triglycerides. Lipase breaks down triglycerides, potentially increasing myristic acid levels.
References
References
I. K. Wong, J. L. Wong, S. H. Wong, K. S. Wong. Lipase-catalyzed synthesis of fructosyl myristic acid esters as natural food biosurfactants in low solvent reaction media. Bioresource Technology (2022). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2212429222004862
Y. Liu, X. Zhang, Y. Zhang, et al.. The Positive Association between Plasma Myristic Acid and ApoCIII: A Study on Healthy Young Adults. Lipids (2022). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022316622023288
H. Zhang, S. Zhang, L. Zhang, et al.. Lysosomal acid lipase in lipid metabolism and beyond. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids (2019). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6482091/
M. A. Nascimento, J. A. Oliveira, L. M. S. Pereira, et al.. Molecular and histological traits of reduced lysosomal acid lipase activity in mice. Lipids in Health and Disease (2021). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8602623/
A. Chojnacka, W. Gładkowski. Production of Structured Phosphatidylcholine with High Content of Myristic Acid by Lipase-Catalyzed Acidolysis and Interesterification. Catalysts (2018). https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/8/7/281
Palmitic acid
Palmitic acid is the most common saturated fatty acid. It can be released from triglycerides and phospholipids by lipase enzymes.
References
References
Corresponding author.. Impact of Dietary Palmitic Acid on Lipid Metabolism. PMC - NCBI (2022). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8983927/
Not specified.. Palmitic Acid: Physiological Role, Metabolism and Nutritional Implications. NCBI (2017). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5682332/
Not specified.. Diet-derived and diet-related endogenously produced palmitic acid. Lipid Journal (2023). https://www.lipidjournal.com/article/S1933-2874%2823%2900229-5/fulltext
Stearic acid
Stearic acid is a long-chain saturated fatty acid that can be liberated from lipids by lipase activity. High lipase may increase stearic acid levels.
References
References
Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. Study of the Lipase-Catalyzed Esterification of … - ACS Publications. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (2009). https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ie900406x
Brejchova K, Radner FPW, Balas L, Paluchova V, Cajka T, Chodounska H, Kudova E, Schratter M, Schreiber R, Durand T, et al.. Distinct roles of adipose triglyceride lipase and hormone-sensitive … The Journal of Biological Chemistry (2020). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7812821/
Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids. Evidence for distinct metabolic utilization of stearic acid in … Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids (1993). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/095528639390028U