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Apolipoprotein E (ApoE)*
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is a protein involved in lipid metabolism that can affect an individual’s risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease. Genetic testing can determine an individual’s ApoE genotype and associated Alzheimer’s risk.
iollo markers that associate with Apolipoprotein E (ApoE)*
Choline
Choline is required for phosphatidylcholine synthesis. Altered choline levels may impact phospholipid components of ApoE-containing lipoproteins.References
References
Sienski, G., Narayan, P., Bonner, S.L., et al.. APOE4 disrupts intracellular lipid homeostasis in human iPSC-derived astrocytes: a potential therapeutic strategy for APOE4-related disorders. Molecular Neurodegeneration (2022). https://molecularneurodegeneration.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13024-022-00574-4Sundermann, E.E., et al.. Components of the choline oxidation pathway modify the association between apolipoprotein E genotype and cognitive prognosis in patients with mild dementia. Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease (2020). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8218593/
Lysophosphatidylcholine a C18:2
Lysophosphatidylcholines are derived from phosphatidylcholines and may reflect phospholipid remodeling in lipoproteins. Changes could be linked to ApoE which transports lipids.References
References
Shi-Hui Law, Hua-Chen Chan, Guan-Ming Ke, Swetha Kamatam, Gopal Kedihithlu Marathe, Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy, Liang-Yin Ke. Untargeted Lipidomic Profiling Reveals Lysophosphatidylcholine and Ceramide as Atherosclerotic Risk Factors in Apolipoprotein E Knockout Mice. International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2023). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24086956Hsin-Yi Chang, Christina E. Hughes, Luigi Ferrucci, David A. Le Couteur, Tamara B. Harris, Qian Zhang. Longitudinal associations between blood lysophosphatidylcholines and skeletal muscle mitochondrial function. European Journal of Clinical Investigation (2022). https://doi.org/10.1111/eci.13816
Phosphatidylcholine aa C34:4
This phosphatidylcholine species is likely present in lipoproteins containing ApoE. Variations in its level could relate to ApoE-mediated lipid transport and metabolism.References
References
Elisabetta La Rosa, Riccardo Calandriello, Francesca Sarnataro, et al.. Phospholipids of APOE lipoproteins activate microglia in an isoform-dependent manner in Alzheimer’s disease. Journal of Neurochemistry (2021). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8184801/
Phosphatidylcholine aa C36:5
Phosphatidylcholines are components of lipoproteins including those containing ApoE. Changes in phosphatidylcholine composition may reflect altered ApoE function or levels.References
References
Rhonda P. Patrick. “Role of phosphatidylcholine‐DHA in preventing APOE4-associated Alzheimer’s disease”. FASEB Journal (2018). https://faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1096/fj.201801412R/url
Phosphatidylcholine aa C38:6
Phosphatidylcholines are integral to lipoprotein structure and function. Alterations in this phosphatidylcholine species may be associated with ApoE-related lipid transport or metabolism.References
References
Safari, M., Tremblay, M. E., & Gowing, G.. Lipid Dys-Homeostasis Contributes to APOE4-Associated AD Pathology. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience (2022). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9688773/Patrick, R. P.. Role of phosphatidylcholine-DHA in preventing APOE4-associated Alzheimer’s disease. Nutrients (2018). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6338661/