High-density lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol
High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol is often referred to as âgoodâ cholesterol because it helps remove LDL cholesterol from the arteries. Low levels of HDL cholesterol are associated with an increased risk of heart disease.
iollo markers that associate with High-density lipoprotein (HDL) Cholesterol
Arachidonic acid
Arachidonic acid can be incorporated into phospholipids in HDL particles and may influence HDL remodeling and function.
References
References
Demetz, D., et al.. Arachidonic acid pathway regulates cholesterol homeostasis. Nature (2014). https://www.nature.com/articles/nrendo.2014.195
Demetz, D., et al.. The Arachidonic Acid Metabolome Serves as a Conserved Regulator of Cholesterol Homeostasis. PLOS ONE (2014). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4232508/
Zhang, Y., et al.. Arachidonic acid is associated with dyslipidemia and cholesterol-related lipoprotein metabolism signatures. NCBI (2022). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9760855/
Kuzâmina, E.V., et al.. Blood Arachidonic Acid and HDL Cholesterol Influence the Phagocytic Activity of Monocytes. Biochemistry (Moscow) (2010). https://karger.com/anm/article-abstract/57/2/143/41713/Blood-Arachidonic-Acid-and-HDL-Cholesterol?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Lysophosphatidylcholine a C18:1
Lysophosphatidylcholine a C18:1 is derived from phosphatidylcholine and is associated with HDL metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport.
References
References
Wang T, Hu FB, Sun Q, van Dam RM, Hu FB. Altered Plasma Amino Acids and Lipids Associated With Abnormal Glucose Tolerance in Humans. Diabetes Care (2018). https://care.diabetesjournals.org/content/41/7/1415/url
Lysophosphatidylcholine a C18:2
Lysophosphatidylcholine a C18:2 is derived from phosphatidylcholine and is associated with HDL metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport.
References
References
Koch, S., et al.. âMetabolomic examination of serum from patients with a Fontan circulation reveals altered cholesterol and lipoprotein valuesâ. Journal of Lipid Research (2020). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7222265/
Zhang, X., et al.. âIdentification of candidate metabolite biomarkers for metabolic syndromeâ. Journal of Proteome Research (2023). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10276453/
Chung, B.H., et al.. âLysophosphatidylcholine Promotes Cholesterol Efflux From Mouse Macrophagesâ. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology (2001). https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.atv.17.7.1258
Phosphatidylcholine ae C36:5
Phosphatidylcholine ae C36:5 is a phospholipid component of HDL particles. Higher levels are associated with increased HDL cholesterol.
References
References
A. Kontush, M.J. Chapman, W. Guo, O. Finucane, A. McMorrow, et al.. High Density Lipoproteins: Metabolism, Function, and Therapeutic Potential. Frontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine (2020). https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2020.00039/full
S.M. Hwang, S.J. Cho, S.Y. Kim, et al.. Altered Plasma Amino Acids and Lipids Associated With Abnormal Glucose Tolerance and Insulin Resistance. Nutrients (2018). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6126893/
J.Y. Park, J.H. Lee, H.J. Kim, et al.. Association between pre-diagnostic circulating lipid metabolites and risk of colorectal cancer. The Lancet EBioMedicine (2024). https://www.thelancet.com/journals/ebiom/article/PIIS2352-3964%2824%2900059-8/fulltext
Phosphatidylcholine ae C38:6
Phosphatidylcholine ae C38:6 is a phospholipid component of HDL particles. Higher levels are associated with increased HDL cholesterol.
References
References
K. Fischer, A. Welters, H. Boeing, et al.. âSerum metabolites and risk of myocardial infarction and stroke: a prospective nested case-control study in the EPIC-Potsdam cohortâ. European Journal of Preventive Cardiology (2017). https://www.jstor.org/stable/44849607