Skip to main content
ABO blood typing is used to determine an individual’s blood type (A, B, AB, or O) based on the presence or absence of certain antigens on the surface of red blood cells.

​
iollo markers that associate with ABO

​
Choline

Choline is an essential nutrient involved in lipid metabolism and cell membrane integrity. As ABO antigens are glycolipids or glycoproteins on the red blood cell surface, altered choline levels and phospholipid metabolism could theoretically impact the expression or structure of ABO antigens.
Garcia M, Mamedova LK, Barton B, Bradford BJ. Choline Regulates the Function of Bovine Immune Cells and Alters the mRNA Abundance of Genes Involved in Choline Metabolism and Inflammatory Response. Frontiers in Immunology (2018). https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/immunology/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2018.02448/fullAHA Journals. Choline Transporter-Like Protein-2. AHA Journals (2015). https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/ATVBAHA.115.305259Masato Inazu. Functional Expression of Choline Transporters in the Blood–Brain Barrier. NCBI (2019). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6835570/Iwao H, Inazu M. Lack of the human choline transporter‐like protein SLC44A2 causes age‐related hearing loss and epilepsy. NCBI (2016). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9994479/MDPI. Antibodies, Antioxidants, Applied… Nutrients (Not provided). https://www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients

​
Glycine

Glycine is involved in the biosynthesis of heme, a key component of hemoglobin found in red blood cells. The ABO blood group is determined by the presence of specific antigens on red blood cells. Variations in glycine levels could potentially influence heme production and the expression of ABO antigens.
Rocío Alejandra Gutierrez-Rojas, Lourdes Nallely Acevedo-Villavicencio, Aurora Vanessa Flores-Zarate, Fengyang Huang, Abraham Giacoman-Martinez, Santiago Villafaña, and Rodrigo Romero-Nava. Glycine: The Smallest Anti-Inflammatory Micronutrient. International Journal of Molecular Sciences (2023). https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/14/11236Konstantinos Kalfakis, Maria-Christina Karamanou, and George D. Sarafidis. Extracellular glycine is necessary for optimal hemoglobinization. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease (2016). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5541866/
⌘I