Sodium is an electrolyte that helps regulate fluid balance in the body. Abnormal levels of sodium may indicate dehydration, kidney disease, or other health problems.
Carnitine is involved in fatty acid metabolism and can affect sodium transport. Carnitine deficiency may impair sodium reabsorption in the kidneys.
References
Nissel R, Bode HH, Koch KM, Luft FC. Effects of L-carnitine on sodium transport in erythrocytes from patients with chronic renal failure. Nephron (1985). https://doi.org/10.1159/000185826Longo N, Frigeni M, Pasquali M. Carnitine transport and fatty acid oxidation. Mitochondrial Channels (2016). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.12.004
Glutamic acid is an amino acid involved in neurotransmission and cell signaling. It may influence renal sodium handling and blood pressure regulation.
References
EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS). Re‐evaluation of glutamic acid (E 620), sodium glutamate (E 621), potassium glutamate (E 622), calcium glutamate (E 623), ammonium glutamate (E 624) and magnesium glutamate (E 625) as food additives. EFSA Journal (2018). https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.4910