High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) is a marker of inflammation in the body. High levels of hs-CRP are associated with an increased risk of heart disease and other inflammatory conditions.
iollo markers that associate with High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP)
Arachidonic acid
Arachidonic acid is a precursor to pro-inflammatory eicosanoids like prostaglandins and leukotrienes. Increased arachidonic acid levels can promote inflammation and elevate hs-CRP.
References
References
Huang, CC., Chang, MT., Leu, HB. et al.. Therapeutic and Prognostic Significance of Arachidonic Acid in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure. Circulation Research (2022). https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.121.320548
Sone, T., et al.. Association between ratio of serum eicosapentaenoic acid to arachidonic acid and risk of cardiovascular disease: The Hisayama Study. Atherosclerosis (2013). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0021915013005698
Imamura, F., et al.. Impact of the dietary fatty acid intake on C-reactive protein levels in US adults: NHANES 2005-2010. PLoS One (2017). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5319491/
Huang, CC., Chang, MT., Leu, HB. et al.. Association of Arachidonic Acid-derived Lipid Mediators with Subsequent Onset of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease. Scientific Reports (2020). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-65014-z
Glutamic Acid
Glutamic acid is a non-essential amino acid involved in immune function. Elevated glutamate levels have been associated with increased inflammation and higher hs-CRP in some studies.
References
References
Xu, J., Li, X., Li, Y., Zhang, J., Li, J., & Li, X.. High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein, Its Change, and Cognitive Function. Brain Sciences (2023). https://www.mdpi.com/article/10.3390/brainsci13040658/s1
Tang, Y., Liang, P., Chen, J., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, J.. The baseline levels and risk factors for high-sensitive C-reactive protein in Chinese healthy population. Immunity & Ageing (2018). https://immunityageing.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12979-018-0126-7
Lactic acid
Lactic acid buildup can occur during inflammation due to increased immune cell activity and glycolysis. Higher lactate levels correlate with inflammatory states and elevated hs-CRP.
References
References
Praveen Kumar, Sreeja P, Sreekala S, Sreeja S, Mathew L, Ramkumar S, et al.. High sensitive C-reactive protein as a systemic inflammatory marker and its correlation with lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Journal of Laboratory Physicians (2012). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3276029/
Ya L, XH, Yu L, DL, JZ, LY, et al.. Application value of hypersensitive C-reactive protein, lactic acid and myoglobin in the diagnosis of myocarditis. Oncotarget (2019). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6507525/
Yuki K, Hiroshi T, Tatsuya K, et al.. Comparison of sPLA2IIA performance with high-sensitive CRP neutrophil percentage, procalcitonin, and lactate in identifying bacterial infection in the emergency department. Scientific Reports (2021). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-90894-0
Myristic acid
Myristic acid is a saturated fatty acid that may promote inflammation when consumed in excess. Some studies link higher myristic acid intake to increased hs-CRP levels.
References
References
Fernandez-Real, J.M.; Lopez-Legarrea, P.; Lopez-Miranda, J.; Ricart, W.; Martinez, J.A.. Influence of Diet and Levels of Zonulin, Lipopolysaccharide and C-reactive protein on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors - NCBI. Nutrients (2021). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8706658/
Damasceno, N.R.; et al.. Effects of Olive Oil on Markers of Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction - MDPI. Nutrients (2015). https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/7/9/5356
Chen, L.; et al.. Impact of the dietary fatty acid intake on C-reactive protein levels in US adults - NCBI. Nutrition Research (2017). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5319491/
Soleimani, Z.; et al.. The Role of Flaxseed in Improving Human Health - MDPI. Nutrients (2020). https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/3/395
Palmitic acid
Palmitic acid is a saturated fatty acid that can activate pro-inflammatory pathways like NF-κB signaling. Elevated palmitic acid is associated with higher hs-CRP in some populations.
References
References
Lee, J.E., Kim, J.Y., Kim, M.K., et al.. Longitudinal changes in high sensitivity C-reactive protein and the association with serum uric acid: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Nature Communications (2024). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-50951-2
Banait, T., Lee, J.H., Kim, J.H., et al.. The association between serum uric acid and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein in Korean adults: A longitudinal study. Cureus (2023). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9650935/