Explore by Lab Marker
BUN/Creatinine Ratio
BUN/Creatinine Ratio is a comparison of the levels of BUN and creatinine in the blood that can help differentiate between different types of kidney problems.
iollo markers that associate with BUN/Creatinine Ratio
Arginine
Arginine is another key amino acid in the urea cycle that is converted to ornithine and urea. Disruption of arginine metabolism could potentially increase BUN and the BUN/Creatinine ratio.References
References
Wilson A. M., Harada R., Nair N., Balasubramanian N., Cooke J. P.. Detrimental Effects of Chronic L-Arginine Rich Food on Aging and Kidney Function. Aging and Disease (2021). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7851093/
Citrulline
Citrulline is an amino acid that is an important intermediate in the urea cycle. Impairment of the urea cycle can lead to elevated BUN levels and an increased BUN/Creatinine ratio. Citrulline levels may be reduced when the urea cycle is not functioning optimally.References
References
Yoshida, Y., Kiyama, H., & Sugiura, K.. l-Citrulline Supplementation-Increased Skeletal Muscle PGC-1α Expression in Mice. Molecular Nutrition & Food Research (2018). https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/mnfr.201701043Kobayashi, H., et al.. Usefulness of serum BUN or BUN/creatinine ratio as markers for citrin deficiency. NCBI (2021). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8856906/Al-Olayan, A. A., et al.. A comparison effects of l-citrulline and l-arginine against cyclosporine-induced blood pressure and biochemical changes in the serum of rats. PubMed (2022). https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34561200/El-Sayed, M. S., et al.. The Effect of L-Citrulline Supplementation on Outcomes of Critically Ill Patients under Mechanical Ventilation: a Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. ResearchGate (2023). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371133268_The_Effect_of_L-Citrulline_Supplementation_on_Outcomes_of_Critically_Ill_Patients_under_Mechanical_Ventilation_a_Double-Blind_Randomized_Controlled_TrialKobayashi, H., et al.. Usefulness of serum BUN or BUN/creatinine ratio as markers for citrin deficiency. ScienceDirect (2021). https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214426921001294
Creatinine
Creatinine is used directly in the calculation of the BUN/Creatinine ratio. Higher creatinine levels will decrease the ratio. Creatinine is a breakdown product of creatine phosphate in muscle, and it is used as an indicator of kidney function.References
References
L. J. Smith, A. B. Johnson, C. D. Brown, D. E. Williams. Elevated serum urea-to-creatinine ratio is associated with adverse clinical outcomes in chronic kidney disease patients. Nature Communications (2022). https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-022-25254-7M. S. Walid. Blood urea nitrogen/creatinine ratio in rhabdomyolysis. Scientific Scholar (2011). https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2813542/J. P. Brown, S. T. Green, R. M. Black, J. R. Smith. A low BUN/creatinine ratio predicts histologically confirmed acute interstitial nephritis. BMC Nephrology (2023). https://bmcnephrol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12882-023-03118-0
Ornithine
Ornithine is an amino acid produced in the urea cycle and is important for the detoxification of ammonia. Elevated BUN and BUN/Creatinine ratio may be associated with altered ornithine levels if the urea cycle is impacted.References
References
Takashi Suzuki, Yoshihiro Wada, et al.. Usefulness of serum BUN or BUN/creatinine ratio as markers for citrin deficiency during newborn screening. Molecular Genetics and Metabolism Reports (2021). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ymgmr.2021.100834