> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://markers.iollo.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Potassium

Potassium is an electrolyte that is important for proper muscle and nerve function. Abnormal levels of potassium may indicate kidney disease, dehydration, or other health problems.

## iollo markers that associate with Potassium

### Acetylcarnitine

Acetylcarnitine, a derivative of carnitine, is also involved in fatty acid oxidation and energy metabolism which can impact potassium homeostasis

<Accordion title="References">
  Longo, N.; Frigeni, M.; Pasquali, M.. The Role of L-Carnitine in Kidney Disease and Related Metabolic Dysfunctions. *Kidney Dial.* (2023). [https://doi.org/10.3390/kidneydial3020016](https://doi.org/10.3390/kidneydial3020016)

  Miyamoto, Y.. Retention of acetylcarnitine in chronic kidney disease causes insulin resistance in skeletal muscle. *International Journal of Molecular Sciences* (2016). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5110933/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5110933/)
</Accordion>

### Carnitine

Carnitine is involved in fatty acid metabolism and can affect potassium levels by altering cellular energy production and membrane potential

<Accordion title="References">
  H. W. Schwartz, R. E. Parkhurst. The Effect of Zinc and Potassium in the Nutrition of Tenebrio Molitor: Effect of Deficiencies of Zinc and Potassium on Growth. *Journal of Nutrition* (1954). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022316623074539](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022316623074539)

  Abeer A.A. Salama, Rasha E. Mostafa, Rania Elgohary. Effect of L-carnitine on potassium dichromate-induced nephrotoxicity in rats: modulation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. *Pharmacological Research* (2022). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8860102/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8860102/)

  Tiange Ulinski, Maria Cirulli, Mohamed Ashraf Virmani. L-carnitine alleviated acute lung injuries induced by potassium dichromate in rats: involvement of Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. *ResearchGate* (2021). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352269702\_L-carnitine\_alleviated\_acute\_lung\_injuries\_induced\_by\_potassium\_dichromate\_in\_rats\_involvement\_of\_Nrf2HO-1\_signaling\_pathway](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352269702_L-carnitine_alleviated_acute_lung_injuries_induced_by_potassium_dichromate_in_rats_involvement_of_Nrf2HO-1_signaling_pathway)
</Accordion>

### Propionylcarnitine

Propionylcarnitine, another carnitine derivative, reflects propionyl-CoA levels which can disrupt the citric acid cycle and alter potassium balance

<Accordion title="References">
  Linus Pauling Institute. L-Carnitine | Linus Pauling Institute | Oregon State University. *-* (-). [https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/dietary-factors/L-carnitine](https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/dietary-factors/L-carnitine)

  A.K. Singh, S.K. Singh, V.K. Gupta, S. Gupta, S. Kumar, A. Kumar. Propionyl-CoA Carboxylase- A Review. *NCBI* (2017). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5725275/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5725275/)

  R. Lango, R.T. Smolenski, M. Narkiewicz, J. Suchorzewska, W. Lysiak-Szydlowska. Influence of l-carnitine and its derivatives on myocardial metabolism and function in ischemic heart disease. *Cardiovascular Research* (2001). [https://academic.oup.com/cardiovascres/article/51/1/21/267615](https://academic.oup.com/cardiovascres/article/51/1/21/267615)
</Accordion>