> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://markers.iollo.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.
# Omega 3 and Omega 6
Omega 3 and Omega 6 are essential fatty acids that play important roles in heart health, brain function, and inflammation. An imbalance of omega-3 to omega-6 fatty acids in the diet may contribute to chronic diseases such as heart disease and autoimmune disorders.
## iollo markers that associate with Omega 3 and Omega 6
### Arachidonic acid
Arachidonic acid is an omega-6 fatty acid. Higher arachidonic acid levels would decrease the omega-3 to omega-6 ratio.
\[Author 1], \[Author 2], ..., \[Author N]. The Effects of Omega 3 and Omega 6 Fatty Acids on Glucose Metabolism. *\[Jornal Name]* (2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10301273/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10301273/)
\[Author 1], \[Author 2], ..., \[Author N]. An Increase in the Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio Increases the Risk of Obesity. *\[Jornal Name]* (2018). [https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/8/3/128](https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/8/3/128)
\[Author 1], \[Author 2], ..., \[Author N]. Cracking the code: omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids' impact on glucose metabolism. *\[Jornal Name]* (2023). [https://www.news-medical.net/news/20230613/Cracking-the-code-omega-3-and-omega-6-fatty-acids-impact-on-glucose-metabolism.aspx](https://www.news-medical.net/news/20230613/Cracking-the-code-omega-3-and-omega-6-fatty-acids-impact-on-glucose-metabolism.aspx)
\[Author 1], \[Author 2], ..., \[Author N]. Beneficial Outcomes of Omega-6 and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Human Health: An Update for 2021. *\[Jornal Name]* (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8308533/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8308533/)
### Docosahexaenoic acid
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is an omega-3 fatty acid. Higher levels of DHA would directly increase the omega-3 to omega-6 ratio.
Ivana Djuricic, Philip C. Calder. Beneficial Outcomes of Omega-6 and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Human Health: An Update for 2021. *Nutrients* (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8308533/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8308533/)
Michal Havel, Jirí Jankovský, et al.. An Increase in the Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio Increases the Risk of Obesity. *Nutrients* (2017). [https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/8/3/128](https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/8/3/128)
Spyridon N. Karras, et al.. DHA/EPA (Omega-3) and LA/GLA (Omega-6) as Bioactive Molecules. *Nutrients* (2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10341783/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10341783/)
### Eicosadienoic acid
Eicosadienoic acid is an omega-6 fatty acid. Elevated levels would shift the balance toward more omega-6.
James H. O'Keefe, D. Williamson, and P. O'Keefe. The Importance of Maintaining a Low Omega-6/Omega-3 Ratio for Reducing the Risk of Autoimmune Diseases, Asthma, and Allergies. *Journal of the American College of Cardiology* (2022). [https://www.jacc.org/doi/full/10.1016/j.jacc.2022.02.029](https://www.jacc.org/doi/full/10.1016/j.jacc.2022.02.029)
Y. Wang, D. Xu, and J. Zhao. Higher ratio of plasma omega-6/omega-3 fatty acids is associated with increased all-cause, cancer, and CVD mortality in a large US cohort. *eLife* (2023). [https://elifesciences.org/reviewed-preprints/90132v2](https://elifesciences.org/reviewed-preprints/90132v2)
Alessandro Antonietti, et al.. Associations between Dietary Intake, Blood Levels of Omega-3 and Omega-6 Fatty Acids and Reading Abilities in Children. *Biomolecules* (2023). [https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/13/2/368](https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/13/2/368)
### Eicosapentaenoic acid
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is an omega-3 fatty acid. Higher EPA levels would increase the omega-3 to omega-6 ratio.
Simopoulos, A. P.. An Increase in the Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio Increases the Risk of Obesity in Humans: A Review. *Nutrients* (2016). [https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/8/3/128](https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/8/3/128)
Wijendran, V., & Hayes, K. C.. Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids have distinct effects on endothelial function. *Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids* (2021). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0952327821000995](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0952327821000995)
Delgado-Lista, J., et al.. Global survey of the omega-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid, in the bloodstream of healthy adults worldwide. *Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids* (2015). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163782715300333](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163782715300333)
Rizos, E. C., et al.. Omega-3 and Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Intakes and Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review. *Nutrients* (2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9920307/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9920307/)
Djuricic, I., & Calder, P. C.. Beneficial Outcomes of Omega-6 and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Human Health: An Update for 2021. *Nutrients* (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8308533/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8308533/)
### Eicosatrienoic acid
Eicosatrienoic acid is an omega-3 fatty acid, so higher levels would increase the omega-3 to omega-6 ratio.
Staff of the Linus Pauling Institute. Essential Fatty Acids and Skin Health | Linus Pauling Institute. *Linus Pauling Institute* (2021). [https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/health-disease/skin-health/essential-fatty-acids](https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/health-disease/skin-health/essential-fatty-acids)
James J DiNicolantonio, James OKeefe. Importance of maintaining a low omega-6/omega-3 ratio for reducing platelet aggregation, coagulation and thrombosis. *NCBI* (2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6546183/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6546183/)
Dariush Mozaffarian, Frank B Hu. Omega-6 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease | Circulation. *Circulation* (2014). [https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.012534](https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.012534)
Mateusz Cholewski, Monika Tomczykowa, Michał Tomczyk. A Comprehensive Review of Chemistry, Sources and Bioavailability of Omega-3 Fatty Acids. *Nutrients* (2018). [https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/11/1662](https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/10/11/1662)
### Palmitic acid
Palmitic acid competes with omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids for incorporation into cell membranes. Higher levels may lower omega-3 and 6.
Simopoulos, A.P.. An Increase in the Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio Increases the Risk of Obesity. *Healthy Agriculture, Healthy Nutrition, Healthy People* (2011). [https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/329753](https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/329753)
Turpeinen, A.M., et al.. Palmitic acid (16:0) competes with omega-6 linoleic and omega-3 α-linolenic acid for incorporation into cell membranes. *FASEB Journal* (2015). [https://fasebj.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1096/fj.15-271783](https://fasebj.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1096/fj.15-271783)
### Stearic acid
Stearic acid can be converted to oleic acid, an omega-9 fatty acid. Higher stearic acid may reduce omega-3 and omega-6 levels.
Simopoulos, A.P.. An Increase in the Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio Increases the Risk .... *Experimental Biology and Medicine* (2008). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2840179/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2840179/)
Balić, A., Vlašić, D., Žužul, K., Marinović, B.. Omega-3 Versus Omega-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in the Prevention and Treatment of Inflammatory Skin Diseases. *Nutrients* (2020). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7037798/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7037798/)
Genova Diagnostics. FATTY ACIDS SUPPORT GUIDE. *nan* (nan). [https://www.gdx.net/uk/core-uk/support-guides-uk/fatty-acid-support-guide.pdf](https://www.gdx.net/uk/core-uk/support-guides-uk/fatty-acid-support-guide.pdf)
Simopoulos, A.P.. The Importance of the Omega-6/Omega-3 Fatty Acid Ratio in Cardiovascular Disease and Other Chronic Diseases. *Experimental Biology and Medicine* (2002). [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5444823\_The\_Importance\_of\_the\_Omega-6Omega-3\_Fatty\_Acid\_Ratio\_in\_Cardiovascular\_Disease\_and\_Other\_Chronic\_Diseases](https://www.researchgate.net/publication/5444823_The_Importance_of_the_Omega-6Omega-3_Fatty_Acid_Ratio_in_Cardiovascular_Disease_and_Other_Chronic_Diseases)
Razak, M.A., Ismail, A., Khazaai, H., Rahmat, A.. The Effects of Omega 3 and Omega 6 Fatty Acids on Glucose Metabolism. *Nutrients* (2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10301273/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10301273/)