> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://markers.iollo.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)

Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) is a measure of the average amount of hemoglobin in each red blood cell. Abnormal MCH may indicate certain types of anemia or other blood disorders.

## iollo markers that associate with Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH)

### Alanine

Alanine is involved in the heme biosynthesis pathway by providing a carbon skeleton. Reduced alanine availability could limit heme and hemoglobin synthesis, decreasing MCH.

<Accordion title="References">
  N. P. Kamat, M. A. Kamat. Biochemistry, Heme Synthesis - StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. *StatPearls Publishing* (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537329/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK537329/)

  A. Ganz. Iron and hepcidin: a story of recycling and balance. *Hematology* (2013). [https://ashpublications.org/hematology/article/2013/1/1/20722/Iron-and-hepcidin-a-story-of-recycling-and-balance/url](https://ashpublications.org/hematology/article/2013/1/1/20722/Iron-and-hepcidin-a-story-of-recycling-and-balance/url)

  Moro T, Holasek S, Baranyi A, et al.. Branched-chain amino acids are linked with iron metabolism. *Annals of Translational Medicine* (2020). [https://atm.amegroups.org/article/view/57506/html/url](https://atm.amegroups.org/article/view/57506/html/url)

  G. Lambert, D. Jaffe, D. H. Wolf. Structure and function of enzymes in heme biosynthesis. *Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics* (2011). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2895239/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2895239/)
</Accordion>

### Glutamic Acid

Glutamic acid is a precursor for the heme biosynthesis pathway. Low glutamic acid levels may impair heme production, resulting in decreased hemoglobin content and MCH in red cells.

<Accordion title="References">
  M. Fernández-Fuertes, M. D. MacLeod, J. A. Woolliams, P. M. van der Aa, J. J. Windig, M. F. Rothschild, A. C. F. M. Beerda, J. F. M. Spoolder. Genome-wide association studies for 30 haematological and blood biochemistry traits in a heavy pig population. *Scientific Reports* (2019). [https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-43297-1](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-43297-1)
</Accordion>

### Succinic acid

Succinic acid is an intermediate in the heme biosynthesis pathway. Elevated levels may indicate a block in heme synthesis, potentially leading to reduced hemoglobin production and lower MCH.

<Accordion title="References">
  Detraux D, Caruso M. A critical role for heme synthesis and succinate in the regulation of pluripotent states transitions. *NCBI Gene Expression Omnibus* (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10425175/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10425175/)

  Detraux D, Caruso M, LF, MF, SM, JM, TA, PR. A critical role for heme synthesis and succinate in the regulation of pluripotent states. *eLife* (2023). [https://elifesciences.org/articles/78546](https://elifesciences.org/articles/78546)
</Accordion>