> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://markers.iollo.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Lyme*

Lyme disease is a tick-borne illness caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi. Blood tests can detect antibodies to the bacteria, indicating current or past infection.

## iollo markers that associate with Lyme\*

### Arachidonic acid

Arachidonic acid is an omega-6 fatty acid involved in inflammatory processes. Lyme disease, caused by Borrelia bacteria, triggers inflammation that may alter arachidonic acid levels.

<Accordion title="References">
  Not specified. Borrelia burgdorferi hijacks cellular metabolism of immune cells. *Scientific Reports* (2019). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877959X19302389](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877959X19302389)

  Wojciech Łuczaj, Anna Moniuszko, Magdalena Rusak, Joanna Zajkowska, Sławomir Pancewicz, Elżbieta Skrzydlewska. Peroxidative metabolism of arachidonic acid in the course of Lyme arthritis. *Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine* (2015). [https://www.aaem.pl/pdf-72304-9532?filename=Peroxidative+metabolism.pdf](https://www.aaem.pl/pdf-72304-9532?filename=Peroxidative+metabolism.pdf)

  Not specified. Host Metabolic Response in Early Lyme Disease. *Prostaglandins, Leukotrienes and Essential Fatty Acids* (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7262776/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7262776/)

  Not specified. Lyme Disease, Borrelia burgdorferi, and Lipid Immunogens. *Journal of the American Chemical Society* (2022). [https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.1c12202](https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jacs.1c12202)
</Accordion>

### Cortisol

Cortisol is a steroid hormone released in response to stress and inflammation. Lyme infection may stimulate cortisol production as part of the body's immune and stress response to the bacteria.

<Accordion title="References">
  Dr. Todd Maderis. Hormones in Lyme Disease. *drtoddmaderis.com* (2022). [https://drtoddmaderis.com/hormones-in-lyme-disease](https://drtoddmaderis.com/hormones-in-lyme-disease)

  Lars Brudin, Ingela Nilsson, Inga-Lill Björkholm, Agneta Hallengren, Pär Froste, MC, JE, IE, and PF. Mapping of hormones and cortisol responses in patients after Lyme neuroborreliosis. *BMC Infectious Diseases* (2010). [https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2334-10-37](https://bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2334-10-37)

  John Aucott, MD, and Brian Fallon, MD, MPH. Post-Treatment Lyme Syndrome and Central Sensitization. *National Center for Biotechnology Information* (2015). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4324004/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4324004/)

  Raphael B. Stricker, MD, and John J. Halperin, MD. Post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome: a critical review. *Frontiers in Medicine* (2019). [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2019.00144/full](https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmed.2019.00144/full)
</Accordion>

### Kynurenine

Kynurenine is produced from tryptophan catabolism and is involved in regulating immune function. Lyme-induced inflammation may shift tryptophan breakdown toward kynurenine production.

<Accordion title="References">
  Kurt-Wolfram Sühs, Natalia Novoselova, Maike Kuhn, Lena Seegers, Volkhard Kaever, Kirsten Müller-Vahl, Corinna Trebst, Thomas Skripuletz, Martin Stangel, Frank Pessler. "Kynurenine Is a Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarker for Bacterial and Viral Central Nervous System Infections". *The Journal of Infectious Diseases* (2019). [https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/220/1/127/5307059](https://academic.oup.com/jid/article/220/1/127/5307059)

  J. N. Khachaturian, K. A. Krause, R. C. Moeller, J. M. Belman, A. Halperin, D. J. Brenner. "Neuroactive kynurenines in Lyme borreliosis". *Journal of Neuroimmunology* (1992). [https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1531156/](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1531156/)

  Ronny Wickström, Åsa Fowler, Michel Goiny, Vincent Millischer, Sofia Ygberg. "The Kynurenine Pathway is Differentially Activated in Children with Lyme Disease and Tick-Borne Encephalitis". *Frontiers in Immunology* (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7913947/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7913947/)
</Accordion>