> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://markers.iollo.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.

# Globulin

Globulin is a group of proteins in the blood that play a role in immune function and other bodily processes. High or low levels of globulin may indicate liver disease, autoimmune disorders, or other health problems.

## iollo markers that associate with Globulin

### Alanine

Alanine is an amino acid that can be used to synthesize globulin proteins. Higher alanine levels may support increased globulin production.

<Accordion title="References">
  Takahiro Miki, Yoshihisa Fujii, Hirohito Sone, et al.. The Association between Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and Liver Enzymes in Men with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. *Endocrine Journal* (2019). [https://doi.org/10.1507/endocrj.EJ18-0363](https://doi.org/10.1507/endocrj.EJ18-0363)

  Jae Hoon Lee, Seung Hwan Lee, Seong Jin Jeong, et al.. Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and the Risk of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Men. *Clinical Endocrinology* (2020). [https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.14257](https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.14257)
</Accordion>

### Glutamine

Glutamine is another amino acid that can provide nitrogen for globulin synthesis. Glutamine depletion may impair globulin production.

<Accordion title="References">
  Rogero MM, Santos RV, de Sousa EB, de Araujo JS, Artioli GG, Lancha Junior AH. Glutamine as an Anti-Fatigue Amino Acid in Sports Nutrition. *Nutrients* (2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6520936/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6520936/)

  Ma W, Heianza Y, Huang T, Wang T, Sun D, Zheng Y, Hu FB, Rexrode KM, Manson JE, Qi L. Dietary glutamine, glutamate and mortality: two large prospective studies in US men and women. *International Journal of Epidemiology* (2018). [https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/47/1/311/4621367](https://academic.oup.com/ije/article/47/1/311/4621367)

  Liang H, Zhang X, Li J, Liang Y, Zhang X, Xu J. The Role of Glutamine in the Complex Interaction between Gut Microbiota and Host. *Frontiers in Immunology* (2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6834172/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6834172/)

  Parry-Billings M, Blomfield L, Macdonald A, Macdonald IA, McArdle A, Fowler-Davis S. Dosing and Efficacy of Glutamine Supplementation in Human Studies. *Journal of Clinical Medicine* (2022). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9056061/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9056061/)

  Zhang Y, Cheng J, Wang Y, Liang Y, Wang X, Chen H, Chen L. A glutamine tug-of-war between cancer and immune cells. *Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research* (2024). [https://jeccr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13046-024-02994-0](https://jeccr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13046-024-02994-0)
</Accordion>

### Glycine

Glycine is an amino acid that is used in the synthesis of globulin proteins. Reduced glycine availability could limit globulin levels.

<Accordion title="References">
  Kornillowicz-Kowalska, N., et al.. Biochemical characterization and stability of immune globulin intravenous (IGIV) solutions formulated with glycine or L-proline. *European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences* (2016). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1045105616301208](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1045105616301208)

  Zhao, J., et al.. Glycine-rich proteins in plants: insights into their structure, function, and evolution. *Frontiers in Plant Science* (2017). [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2017.00578/full](https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2017.00578/full)
</Accordion>