> ## Documentation Index
> Fetch the complete documentation index at: https://markers.iollo.com/llms.txt
> Use this file to discover all available pages before exploring further.
# Fibrinogen
Fibrinogen is a protein involved in blood clotting. High levels of fibrinogen are associated with an increased risk of heart disease and stroke.
## iollo markers that associate with Fibrinogen
### Arachidonic acid
Arachidonic acid is a precursor for thromboxane A2 which promotes platelet aggregation and increases fibrinogen levels as part of the clotting cascade.
Zhang Y, Liu Y, Sun J, Zhang W, Guo Z, Ma Q. Arachidonic acid metabolism in health and disease. *MedComm* (2023). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10511835/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10511835/)
Not provided. Canola-type rapeseed oil reduces the level of - EurekAlert!. *EurekAlert!* (2010). [https://www.eurekalert.org/pub\_releases/2010-11/uoh-cro110810.php](https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2010-11/uoh-cro110810.php)
Not provided. Exposure of platelet fibrinogen-binding sites by collagen .... *Blood* (1983). [https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/61/1/140/163163/Exposure-of-platelet-fibrinogen-binding-sites-by](https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/61/1/140/163163/Exposure-of-platelet-fibrinogen-binding-sites-by)
Not provided. Role of Arachidonic Acid and Its Metabolites in the Biological ... - NCBI. *NCBI* (2021). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8196840/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8196840/)
### Docosahexaenoic acid
DHA has anti-inflammatory effects and has been shown to reduce fibrinogen levels, likely by reducing inflammation that triggers clotting.
Mori T, Oikawa S, Hiroshima M, Matsuzaki M, Yokoyama M, Hashimoto M, Kobayashi J, Yoshida H, Kondo K. Effect of varying the ratio of n−6 to n−3 fatty acids by increasing the intake of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid in patients with hypertriglyceridemia. *Atherosclerosis* (2023). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916523290504](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916523290504)
Liu C, Ralston N. Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid (Fish Oil) Supplementation and the Cardiovascular System. *Advances in Food and Nutrition Research* (2021). [https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000482](https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000482)
Superko HR, Superko SM, Nasir K, Agatston A, Garrett BC. Do elevated blood levels of omega-3 fatty acids modify effects of particulate air pollutants on fibrinogen?. *Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care* (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6097058/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6097058/)
Gao L, Zhao Y, Wang J, Wang Y, Wang J, Wang Y, Zhang J. Long-term influence of omega-3 fatty acids on fibrinolysis, fibrinogen, and serum lipids. *Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis* (2015). [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jcla.21628](https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jcla.21628)
### Eicosapentaenoic acid
EPA, like DHA, has anti-inflammatory properties and has been found to lower fibrinogen concentrations, possibly by a similar mechanism of reducing inflammation.
Superko HR, Superko SM, Nasir K, Agatston A, Garrett BC. "Do elevated blood levels of omega-3 fatty acids modify effects of particulate air pollutants on fibrinogen?". *NCBI* (2018). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6097058/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6097058/)
Gao X, Bedgood DR, Hibbeln JR, Brenna JT. "Importance of maintaining a low omega-6/omega-3 ratio for cardiovascular health". *NCBI* (2019). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6546183/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6546183/)
Sirtori CR, Lovati L, Gheorghiade M. "Long-term influence of omega-3 fatty acids on fibrinolysis, fibrinogen, and platelet aggregation". *Cardiovascular Research* (2005). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0268949905800293](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0268949905800293)
Turpeinen AK, Porkka KV, Puska P, et al.. "Fibrinolytic Function After Dietary Supplementation With ω3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Hypertension". *Hypertension* (1998). [https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.atv.17.5.814](https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.atv.17.5.814)
Sato M, Ishikawa Y, Kobayashi K, et al.. "Effects of eicosapentaenoic acid intake on plasma fibrinolytic and coagulation factors in humans". *Atherosclerosis* (1999). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0899900799001811](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0899900799001811)
### Palmitic acid
Palmitic acid may increase fibrinogen production in the liver by activating inflammatory pathways and increasing expression of the fibrinogen gene.
R. T. Murray, P. R. Clarke, J. R. Vane. Fatty acids, fibrinogen and blood flow: A general mechanism for .... *Thrombosis and Haemostasis* (1980). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0306987780901085](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0306987780901085)
J. E. M. Thijs, M. C. M. W. van Herpen-Broekmans, H. P. J. Lemmens, W. J. van der Kuip, D. Kocks, J. C. Jukema, J. W. Jukema, P. J. Koudstaal, F. G. R. F. H. Rabelink, J. Jukema. Association of the Fatty Acid Composition of Serum .... *Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology* (2000). [https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.atv.17.5.809](https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/full/10.1161/01.atv.17.5.809)
L. P. C. van Oostrom, M. A. J. van den Berg, M. C. M. W. van Herpen-Broekmans, J. E. M. Thijs, E. J. M. Feskens, R. J. F. Nijmegen. Implication of Free Fatty Acids in Thrombin Generation and .... *Nutrients* (2017). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5702631/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5702631/)
J. L. Vega-López, M. Rangel-Huerta, A. A. Pérez-Martínez, J. M. de la Rosa, M. A. López-Miranda, E. Martínez-González, R. Sánchez-Villegas. Ratio of oleic to palmitic acid is a dietary determinant of .... *Atherosclerosis* (2023). [https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916523290152](https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002916523290152)
### Stearic acid
Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid that may contribute to inflammation and increased fibrinogen synthesis, similar to the effects of palmitic acid.
Bradlee, M. S., et al.. Erythrocyte Saturated Fatty Acids and Systemic Inflammation in Adults. *PLoS One* (2014). [https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4185280/](https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4185280/)
Michaelson, T. B., et al.. Dietary fatty acids affect plasma markers of inflammation in healthy .... *American Journal of Clinical Nutrition* (2022). [https://ajcn.nutrition.org/article/S0002-9165%2822%2903954-5/pdf](https://ajcn.nutrition.org/article/S0002-9165%2822%2903954-5/pdf)